The Carolingian dynasty of the Franks established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th centuries in Western Europe before it succumbed to internal conflict and external invasions from the Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and the Muslims from the south.ĭuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated extant Roman institutions, while the influence of Christianity expanded across Europe. The Byzantine Empire survived in the Eastern Mediterranean and advanced secular law through the Code of Justinian. In the 7th century, the Middle East and North Africa came under caliphal rule with the Arab conquests. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including of Germanic peoples, led to the rise of new kingdoms in Western Europe. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralized authority, invasion and the mass migration of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages, and the early medieval period is alternatively referred to as the Dark Ages. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: antiquity, medieval, and modern. In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelled mediæval or mediaeval) lasted approximately from 500 AD to 1500, although alternative starting and end points exist. It depicts the Parable of the Sower, a biblical narrative. For other uses, see Middle Ages (disambiguation).Ī stained glass panel from Canterbury Cathedral, c. For a global history of the period between the 5th and 15th centuries, see Post-classical history.
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